Media Timeline

Development of the media industry:

Films

In 1936 film production reached an all- time high. It was known as the ‘golden age’ of British cinema within the 1940s examples of the films with pictures.

In 2009 British films grossed around $2 billion worldwide and achieved a market share of around 7% globally and 17% in the UK.

In 2012 the UK box-office takings totalled £1.1 billion with 172.5 million admissions.

1888- First movie was shot in Leeds by Louis Le Prince.

       It was developed on celluloid film in Hyde Park, London in 1889 by the British inventor William Friese Greene.

 

Frank Mottershaw is on the left



In 1903 Frank Mottershaw produced the film ‘A Daring Daylight Robbery’, which subsequently launched the chase genre.

In 1911 the Ideal Film Company was founded in Soho, London. The company distributed almost 400 films by 1934, and producing 80.

In 1913 the stage director, Maurice Elvey  began directing British films. He then became Britain's most prolific film director,  with almost 200 by 1957.

In 1914 Elstree Studios was founded, and acquired in 1928 by German-born Ludwig Blattner, who invented a magnetic steel tape recording system that was adopted by the BBC in 1930.

Tax incentives allowed American producers to increasingly invest in UK-based film production throughout the 1990s, including films like ‘Interview with the Vampire’ in 1994, ‘Mission:Impossible in 1996, ‘Saving Private Ryan’ in 1998, ‘Star Wars: Episode I- The Phantom Menance in 1999 and ‘The Mummy’. The same company also enjoyed some success releasing the BBC period drama ‘Enchanted April’ in 1992 and ‘The Wings of the Dove’ in 1997.

Many British films found a wide international audience due to funding from BBC Films, Film 4 and the UK Film Council, and some independent production companies, such as Working Title, secured financing and distribution deals with major American studios. Working Title scored three major international successes such as ‘Bridget Jones’s Diary’ in 2001, which grossed $254 million worldwide; the sequel ‘Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason’, which earned $228 million. Most successful of all, Phyllida Lloyd's ‘Mamma Mia!’ which was released in 2008, and grossed $601 million.

The new decade saw a major new film series in the US-backed but British-made Harry Potter films. David Heyman's company Heyday Films has produced seven sequels, with the final title ‘Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows’ released in two parts. The first part was released in 2010 and the second part in 2011. All were filmed at Leavesden Studios in England.

In April 2011, The Peel Group acquired a controlling 71% interest in The Pinewood Studios Group ( for £96 million. In June 2012, Warner opened the re-developed Leavesden studio for business. The most commercially successful British directors in recent years are Paul Greengrass, Mike Newell, Christopher Nolan, Ridley Scott and David Yates.

The film industry remains an important earner for the British economy. According to a UK Film Council press release of 20 January 2011, £1.115 billion was spent on UK film production during 2010.

Radio:

Starting in late 1894 by Guglielmo Marconi. Radio is the technology of using radio waves to carry information, such as sound, by systematically modulating properties of electromagnetic energy waves transmitted through space, such as their amplitude and frequency.

The usage of Radio:

Early uses were maritime, for sending telegraphic messages using Morse code between ships and land.

BBC Radio 1 is a British radio station operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation which also broadcasts internationally, specialising in modern and current popular music and chart hits throughout the day.

It was launched in 1967 to meet the demand for music generated by pirate radio stations, when the average age of the UK population was 27. It also had limited finances and often, as in January 1975, suffered disproportionately when the BBC had to make financial cutbacks, strengthening an impression that it was regarded as a lower priority by senior BBC executives. It gained massive audiences, becoming the most listened-to station in the world with audiences of over 10 million.

Later in the 1990s the Britpop boom declined, and manufactured chart pop (boy bands and acts aimed at sub-teenagers) came to dominate the charts. New-genre music occupied the evenings (indie on weekdays and dance at weekends), with a mix of specialist shows and playlist fillers through late nights. 

January 1994, Bannister hired Chris Evans to present the prime morning slot in April 1995. Evans was a popular but controversial presenter who was eventually sacked in 1997 after he demanded to present the breakfast show for only four days per week. Evans was replaced from 17 February 1997 by Mark and Lard.

Zoë Ball and Kevin Greening eight months later in October 1997 replaced them, with Greening moving on and leaving Ball as solo presenter.

2010s 

In the first part of 2011 Radio 1 was part of an efficiency review conducted by John Myers. His role was one in which stated by Andrew Harrison, as being the chief executive of RadioCentre.

In September 2012, Nick Grimshaw replaced Chris Moyles as host of "Radio 1's Breakfast Show".

Former breakfast presenter Sara Cox hosted her last show on Radio 1 in February 2014 before moving to Radio 2. In March 2014, Gemma Cairney left the weekend breakfast show to host the weekday early breakfast slot, swapping shows with Dev.

In May 2015, Fearne Cotton left the station after almost 10 years. Her weekday morning show was taken over by Clara Amfo.

The BBC launched its national radio stations on DAB digital radio in 1995, however the technology was expensive at the time and so was not marketed, and it was instead used as a test for future technologies. DAB was "officially" launched in 2002 as sets became cheaper. Today it can also be heard on UK digital TV services Freeview, Virgin Media, Sky and the Internet as well as FM. 

                                                                                    Radio one Roadshow:

Events:

Radio One: Ibiza Weekend

                                                         Radio 1s Big Weekend

 Edinburgh Festival

BBC Radio 1's Teen Awards

Pirate Radio:

Pirate radio or a pirate radio station is a radio station that broadcasts without a valid license.

In some cases radio stations are considered legal where the signal is transmitted, but illegal where the signals are received—especially when the signals cross a national boundary. 

 A broadcast may be considered "pirate" due to the nature of its content, its transmission format

or the transmit power (wattage) of the station, even if the transmission is not technically illegal.

Radio "piracy" began with the advent of regulations of the public airwaves in the United States at the dawn of the age of radio.

 Initially, radio, or wireless as it was more commonly called, was an open field of hobbyists and early inventors and experimenters.

Free Radio:

Another variation on the term pirate radio came about during the “summer of Love” in San Francisco during the 1960s. These were "Free radio", which usually referred to secret and unlicensed land-based transmissions. 

Television

1950s
Roughly 25 years after the first television transmission, the first television programs started to emerge. One of the most famous was current affairs show Panorama, which started airing in 1953. By the end of the 1950s there were regular television shows in virtually every genre.

1960s
By the 1960s most households in the UK had a television. Throughout the decade the broadcast industry excelled and in 1960 Coronation Street was born, which catapulted the popularity of soap operas. In 1969 the Apollo 11 moon landings were broadcast in what was the biggest feat of technological prowess in human history.
 
1970s
In the 1970s Teletext started to become implemented into televisions. This was very much the Internet of its day and a place to receive real-time updates about anything from the weather to politics. In 1978 the first video cassette player/recorder was released, which changed the home cinema experience forever.
1980s
Throughout the 80s there was significant expansion and many of the world’s best loved television shows were established, such as Black Adder and The Simpsons. The early half of the decade also saw terrestrial expansion with Channel 4 and the most watched television broadcast of the time; the wedding of Princess Diana and Prince Charles.
1990s
Digital technology was first proposed in the late 1990s, and although not widespread, some programs started to air in digital widescreen towards the end of the decade. In 1997 we had even more terrestrial expansion with Channel 5; although many of the UK’s residents were already turning to the bigger and better private networks such as Sky.
2000s
The 2000s was the decade of reality television. Shows such as The X-Factor, Big Brother, and spoof documentary The Office transformed modern television; a trend that continues to this day. During the second half of the decade the first HD broadcasts began and analogue started to phase out of the picture.
2010s
The television the 2010s saw other viewing devices such as smart phones, tablets and personal computers take over TV watching. When streaming service Netflix began in 2012 many other tech companies followed suit, making it now the most common method of distribution in the industry.

A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events.

Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports and art, and often include materials such as opinion columns, weather forecasts, reviews of local services, obituaries,birth notices, crosswords, editorial cartoons, comic strips, and advice columns.

A daily is printed every day, sometimes with the exception of Sundays and occasionally Saturdays.

Subject matter:

General newspapers cover all topics, with different emphasis. While at least mentioning all topics, some might have good coverage of international events of importance; others might concentrate more on national or local entertainment or sports.

Online:

As of 2007, virtually all major printed newspapers have online editions distributed over the Internet which, depending on the country may be regulated by journalism organizations such as the Press Complaints Commission in the UK.

Format

Most modern newspapers are in one of three sizes:

•   Broadsheets:

•   Tabloids:

•                   "Microdaily" is infrequently used to refer to a tabloid -sized free daily newspaper that offers lower ad rates than its broadsheet competitors. The content of a microdaily can range from intense local news coverage to a combination of local and national stories.

The Times: is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register, adopting its current name on 1 January 1788.

The Daily Mail is a British daily middle-market tabloid newspaper owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust and published in London. It is the United Kingdom's second-biggest-selling daily newspaper after The Sun.

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper. It was known from 1821 until 1959 as the Manchester Guardian. The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust. 

The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally. It was founded by Arthur B. Sleigh in 1855 as Daily Telegraph & Courier.

The Daily Mirror is a British national daily tabloid newspaper founded in 1903. It is owned by parent company Reach plc. From 1985 to 1987, and from 1997 to 2002, the title on its masthead was simply The Mirror.

            The Independent is a British online newspaper. Established in 1986 as an independent national morning newspaper published in London, it was controlled by Tony O' Reilly's Independent News & Mediafrom 1997 until it was sold to Russian oligarch Alexander Lebedev in 2010. The last printed edition of The Independent was published on Saturday 26 March 2016, leaving only its digital editions.

The Daily Express is a daily national middle- market tabloid newspaper in the United Kingdom. It is the flagship title of Express Newspapers, a subsidiary of Northern & Shell (which is owned by publisher Trinity Mirror). It was first published as a broadsheet in 1900 by Sir Arthur Pearson.Its sister paper, the Sunday Express, was launched in 1918. 

A magazine is a publication , usually a periodical publication, which is printed  or electronically published  (sometimes referred to as an online magazine). Magazines are generally published on a regular schedule and contain a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, by a purchase price, by prepaid subscriptions, or a combination of the three.

The earliest example of magazines was Erbauliche Monaths Unterredungen, a literary and philosophy magazine, which was launched in 1663 in Germany.

The Gentleman's Magazine, first published in 1731, in London was the first general-interest magazine.

Mass circulation magazines became much more common after 1900, some with circulations in the hundreds of thousands of subscribers. Some passed the million-mark in the 1920s. It was an age of mass media. Immortalized in movies and magazines, young women's fashions of the 1920s set both a trend and social statement, a breaking-off from the rigid Victorian way of life.

21 st century:

In 2011, 152 magazines ceased operations and in 2012, 82 magazines were closed down.

Furthermore, according to MediaFinder.com, 93 new magazines launched between the first six months of 2014 and just 30 closed. 

Private Eye is a British fortnightly satirical and current affairs news magazine, founded in 1961. It is published in London and has been edited by Ian Hislop since 1986.

Religious magazines:

Religious groups have used magazines for spreading and communicating religious doctrine for over 100 years.

Advertising is an audio or visual form of marketing communication that employs an openly sponsored, non-personal message to promote or sell a product, service or idea.

20th century

A print advertisement for the 1913 issue of the Encylopaedia Britannica.

Advertising increased dramatically in the United States as industrialization expanded the supply of manufactured products. In order to profit from this higher rate of production, industry needed to recruit workers as consumers of factory products.

In the early 1920s, the first radio stations were established by radio equipment manufacturers, followed by non- profit organizations such as schools, clubs and civic groups who also set up their own stations.

The new deacade:

With the advent of the ad server, online advertising grew, contributing to the "dot-com" boom of the 1990s. Entire corporations operated solely on advertising revenue, offering everything from coupons to free Internet access. At the turn of the 21st century, some websites, including the search engine Google, changed online advertising by personalizing ads based on web browsing behaviour. This has led to other similar efforts and an increase in interactive advertising. 

Worldwide spending on advertising in 2015 amounted to an estimated US$ 529.43 billion. Advertising's projected distribution for 2017 was 40.4% on TV, 33.3% on digital, 9% on newspapers, 6.9% on magazines, 5.8% on outdoor and 4.3% on radio. Internationally, the largest ("big four") advertising- agency groups are Interpublic, Omnicom, Publicis, and WPP.